Tell your doctor if you are taking any of these drugs, and other drugs that are not on the list. If you are considering having a baby, or think you might be pregnant, talk to your doctor as soon as possible about which combination of anti-HIV medications would be right for you.
It is important to take antiretroviral treatment during pregnancy to prevent passing HIV from mother to baby. However, many women have taken emtricitabine while pregnant without any problems. In addition, BHIVA lists emtricitabine in combination with other medications as an option that may be recommended for women who start HIV treatment in pregnancy, depending on their individual circumstances.
However, some women do choose to breastfeed. Emtricitabine should not be used during breastfeeding as a small amount of the drug passes into breast milk. Emtricitabine is approved for use by children aged 4 months and over. A liquid formulation is available. If you are taking any other medication or recreational drugs, or if you have another medical condition, this is also important for your doctor to know about.
Building a relationship with a doctor may take time. You may feel very comfortable talking to your doctor, but some people find it more difficult, particularly when talking about sex, mental health, or symptoms they find embarrassing. Preparing for an appointment can be very helpful. Take some time to think about what you are going to say.
You might find it helpful to talk to someone else first, or to make some notes and bring them to your appointment. F or detailed information on this drug, visit the emtricitabine page in the A-Z of antiretroviral medications. HIV treatment. Primary tabs View active tab Preview. Greta Hughson.
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In fact, the evidence for sexual transmission shows that people on ART who maintain an undetectable viral load do not pass HIV to their sexual partners. However, it is still a good idea to use condoms because they can reduce your risk for getting and passing on other sexually transmitted infections.
People taking Truvada as PrEP as part of a package of HIV prevention tools should be tested for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections every three months and also receive safer sex and adherence counselling if needed.
For healthcare professionals interested in prescribing Truvada as PrEP, see Canadian guidelines on HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis and nonoccupational postexposure prophylaxis. Higher-than-normal levels of lactic acid can occur in the blood. Women who are overweight are at increased risk for lactic acidosis. Sometimes the livers of people with lactic acidosis become swollen because of fatty deposits. Signs and symptoms of lactic acidosis may include the following:.
Truvada contains tenofovir and FTC. Both of these drugs have anti-hepatitis B virus HBV activity. People who are co-infected with HIV and hepatitis-causing viruses and who take ART are sometimes at increased risk for liver injury. It is important to have regular blood tests so that your doctor can assess the health of your liver. If you have HBV infection, talk to your doctor before you start Truvada. If you are not sure if you have HBV, ask your doctor about getting tested.
If you later need to change your therapy from Truvada, remind your doctor that you have HBV. Painfully swollen pancreas glands have been reported in some people taking tenofovir as part of ART. Higher-than-normal levels in the blood of the enzyme amylase made by the pancreas gland have been detected in some people taking tenofovir. This increase may be suggestive of inflammation in the pancreas gland.
Symptoms of pancreatitis can include the following:. Tenofovir DF can cause kidney dysfunction and injury. If you or a close family member have kidney problems, tell your doctor. For more about tenofovir and the kidneys, please see the section on side effects later in this fact sheet.
In some cases, temporary side effects such as the following may occur:. Truvada contains a formulation of tenofovir called tenofovir DF, and this drug belongs to a group of drugs called nucleotide analogues. This group of drugs is broken down by the kidneys and is associated with kidney dysfunction. There have been reports of cases of kidney dysfunction in some people who used tenofovir. People who use this drug may wish to have regular blood and urine tests done so that their doctors can assess the health of their kidneys.
These tests can include the following:. In addition to tenofovir, there are other medications which are processed by the kidneys and have the potential to cause or amplify kidney dysfunction. Many of these medications are antibiotics and are grouped as follows:. Bear in mind that there are other medications with the potential to cause kidney dysfunction.
The following is a list of medications with this potential, but this list is not exhaustive:. Truvada contains tenofovir. Before you start taking tenofovir, tell your doctor if you have bone problems or thinner-than-normal bones osteopenia or osteoporosis. In clinical trials of regimens containing tenofovir in people with HIV, thinner bones in the spine and elsewhere have occurred.
Thinner bones are generally weaker and are at increased risk for breaking fractures should accidents or trauma occur. Researchers are not certain why bone thinning may occur in some people exposed to tenofovir. One theory is that bones became thinner because tenofovir may have injured the kidneys. The kidneys filter blood, putting waste materials into the urine and returning nutrients back to the blood. In the cases of tenofovir-associated bone loss, damaged kidneys may not be able to restore bone-building nutrients back to the blood.
An analysis with data from several thousand HIV-positive people has found that when boosting agents, such as cobicistat or ritonavir were used in regimens containing tenofovir DF, there was a statistically increased risk for thinning bones, bone fractures and kidney injury.
Ritonavir is sold under the brand name Norvir and in generic formulations. Cobicistat is sold as Tyboost and is found with tenofovir DF in the combination tablet Stribild. Bear in mind that some people can develop thinner-than-normal bones without ever using tenofovir. It may be useful for you to discuss with your doctor the possibility of having bone density assessments done before you begin taking tenofovir or any other anti-HIV therapy. If your bones are thin, your doctor may suggest that you increase your intake of calcium and vitamin D 3.
Regular monitoring of bone density may also be useful.
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