Krakatoa Schools Wikipedia Selection. The name is used for the island group, the main island also called Rakata , and the volcano as a whole. It has erupted repeatedly, massively and with disastrous consequences throughout recorded history. The best known eruption culminated in a series of massive explosions on August , The eruption ejected more than 25 cubic kilometres of rock, ash, and pumice , and generated the loudest sound ever historically reported — the cataclysmic explosion was distinctly heard as far away as Perth in Australia approx.
Atmospheric shock waves reverberated around the world seven times and were detectable for five days. Krakatoa itself was virtually destroyed, although later eruptions have created a new island in the same place. At this point we have to switch scales. Volcanic eruptions are measured on the Volcanic Explosivity Index , which goes from 0 weakest to 8 strongest. Each step on the scale represents a tenfold increase in explosive effect.
Only one explosion in recent history has made it to 7 on the Volcanic Explosivity Index — 10 times bigger than Krakatoa. That was Mount Tambora , on the island of Sumbawa in Indonesia.
Tambora started to grumble noticeably in , building up to a cataclysmic eruption in April The eruption flung vast amounts of dust and ash into the atmosphere, cooling global temperatures for months afterwards. As a result, the following year — — became known as the "year without a summer". Amazing as it now sounds, Tambora was largely overlooked for some years.
It was only when scientists, investigating the links between volcanoes and climate, examined ash layers found in Greenland ice cores that the truth was uncovered: no volcanic eruption since had amounted to more than a damp squib compared with Tambora. Today, New Zealand's Lake Taupo is a serene sheet of fresh water, beloved of crayfish and hikers alike. Not so 26, years ago, when this region was the site of a massive volcanic blast that coated the North Island with ash and rock metres deep.
The present-day lake lies in the caldera of the volcano. The so-called Oruanui eruption was the most recent volcanic event to score the maximum 8 on the VEI — 10 times bigger than Tambora, and times bigger than Krakatoa. Only 47 such "mega-colossal" eruptions are known to have occurred in all of Earth's history. Taupo is still rumbling away, with more than 20 smaller eruptions known since Oruanui. The image shows Taupo's Mount Ruapehu erupting in June The volcano may have contributed to the extinction of the moas , New Zealand's gigantic flightless birds.
In recent years, volcanologists have started talking about eruptions that far outstrip those of common-or-garden volcanoes. Such " supervolcanoes " would include eruptions that release more than cubic kilometres of material. The Oruanui eruption probably managed that, but a surer candidate is Sumatra's Toba blast, which released cubic kilometres of hot rock, ash and dust about 70, years ago. Like the Oruanui eruption, it formed an enormous caldera, now partly filled by a lake.
Warsaw, Hiroshima, Volcano! Vesuvius, 79 C. Laki, Krakatoa, Drought! Ethiopia, Monsters? Krakatoa, Cracta, Krakatau, Cacatoua or Krakatoa; there many names for the island in the Sunda Strait between Java and Sumatra, but only one singular event.
Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present. Mount St. Helens is a volcano located in southwestern Washington state. For thousands of years, Mount St. Helens has When the storm made landfall, it had a Category 3 rating on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale—it brought sustained winds of — miles per hour—and stretched some miles In , Mount Tambora erupted on Sumbawa, an island of modern-day Indonesia.
Historians regard it as the volcano eruption with the deadliest known direct impact: roughly , people died in the immediate aftermath. But far more died over the next several years, due to On October 8, , a magnitude 7. More than 80, people perished as a result of the quake, while an estimated 4 million On September 21, , an earthquake in Taiwan killed more than 2, people, destroyed or damaged thousands of buildings and left an estimated , people homeless.
It was the worst earthquake to hit Taiwan—where quakes are common due to its location in a seismically active On September 8, , a Category 4 hurricane ripped through Galveston, Texas, killing an estimated 6, to 8, people. At the time of the hurricane, Galveston, nicknamed the Oleander City, was filled with vacationers.
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